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2.2.2. Tính chất vật liệu đá
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100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0,001 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,5 1 2 5 7 10mm
(lgd)
%
Hạt
sét
Hạt
bụi
Đất cát
Sỏi - cuội
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Hình 2-3. ĐUờng cong thành phần hạt của đất đá
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Bảng 2-2. Phân loại đất cát và đất đá
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Hàm l-ợng hạt
Loại đất
Kích th-ớc hạt (mm) Tỉ lệ % theo khối l-ợng đất khô
Đất đá (đất hạt lớn):
- Đá tảng lăn > 200 > 50
- Đá cuội hoặc đá dăm > 10 > 50
- Sỏi (sạn) > 2 > 50
Đất cát:
- Cát sỏi > 2 > 25
- Cát lớn 0,5 > 50
- Cát trung 0,25 > 50
- Cát nhỏ > 0,1
75
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Bảng 2-3. CUờng độ kháng nén yêu cầu đối với đá
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C-ờng độ kháng nén (kG/cm
2
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Chiều cao đập H
đ
(m)
Đập đá đổ t-ờng nghiêng cứng
Đập đá đổ t-ờng nghiêng bằng đất
hoặc t-ờng trọng lực
< 10 30 20
10 - 50 50 30
50 - 100 60 40
> 100 80 60
Ghi chú: Mẫu thí nghiệm là khối đá lập ph4ơng mỗi cạnh 20 cm.
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2.3. lựa Chọn loại đập
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2.4. Mặt cắt ngang của đập đá đổ
2.4.1. Đỉnh đập
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2.4.2. Mái dốc của đập đá đổ
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B - Đập đất đá wn
Bảng 2-4. Giá trị tham khảo của mái dốc đập đá đổ
Hệ số mái dốc
Loại đập
Th-ợng l-u Hạ l-u
Đập đá đổ 1,2 - 1,3 1,3 - 14
Đập đất đá có lõi giữa 1,5 - 2,0 1,3 - 2,0
Đập sỏi (hoặc đá dăm) - đất có lõi giữa 2,0 - 2,5 2,0 - 2,5
Đập đất - đá có t+ờng nghiêng 2,0 - 3,0 1,3 - 2,0
Đập hỗn hợp sỏi (đá dăm) - đất có t+ờng nghiêng 2,5 - 3,5 2,0 - 3,0
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2.5.1. Tổng quát
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w # ########sổ tay KTTL * Phần 2 - công trình thủy lợi * Tập 1
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B - Đập đất đá w!
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